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ELFv2-ABI/specification/app_b.xml

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Conversion to Docbook based of version 1.2 of the IBM contributed document, "Power Architecture: 64-bit ELF V2 ABI Specification". Signed-off-by: Jeff Scheel <scheel@us.ibm.com>
8 years ago
<appendix xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xl="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="5.0" xml:lang="en"
xml:id="dbdoclet.50655245_pgfId-1450875">
<title>Binary-Coded Decimal Built-In Functions</title>
<para>Binary-coded decimal (BCD) values are compressed; each decimal digit
and sign bit occupies 4 bits. Digits are ordered right-to-left in the order
of significance. The final 4 bits encode the sign. A valid encoding must
have a value in the range 0 - 9 in each of its 31 digits, and a value in
the range 10 - 15 for the sign field.</para>
<para>Source operands with sign codes of 0b1010, 0b1100, 0b1110, or 0b1111
are interpreted as positive values. Source operands with sign codes of
0b1011 or 0b1101 are interpreted as negative values.</para>
<para>BCD arithmetic operations encode the sign of their result as follows:
A value of 0b1101 indicates a negative value, while 0b1100 and 0b1111
indicate positive values or zero, depending on the value of the positive
sign (PS) bit.</para>
<para>These built-in functions can operate on values of at most 31 digits.
BCD values are stored in memory as contiguous arrays of 1 - 16
bytes.</para>
<note>
<para>BCD built-in functions are valid only when -
<emphasis>march</emphasis> or -
<emphasis>qarch</emphasis> is set to target POWER8 processors or
later.</para>
</note>
<para>
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_77606" /> summarizes the BCD built-in
functions. Functions are grouped by type. Within type, functions are listed
alphabetically. Prototypes are provided for each function.</para>
<para> </para>
<table frame="all" pgwide="1" xml:id="dbdoclet.50655245_77606">
<title>Binary-Coded Decimal Built-In Functions</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="30*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="70*" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry align="center">
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Group</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
<entry align="center">
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Description of Binary-Coded Decimal
Built-In Functions (with Prototypes)</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry nameend="c2" namest="c1">
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">BCD Add and Subtract</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>___BUILTIN_BCDADD (a, b, ps)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Returns the result of the addition of the BCD values a and
b.</para>
<para>The sign of the result is determined as follows:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>If the result is a nonnegative value and
<emphasis>ps</emphasis> is 0, the sign is set to 0b1100
(0xC).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If the result is a nonnegative value and
<emphasis>ps</emphasis> is 1, the sign is set to 0b1111
(0xF).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If the result is a negative value, the sign is set to
0b1101 (0xD).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Parameters:</para>
<para>The ps parameter selects the numeric format for the
positive-signed BCD numbers. It must be set to one of the values
defined in
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_32368" />.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>vector unsigned char __builtin_bcdadd (vector unsigned
char, vector unsigned char, const int);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__BUILTIN_BCDSUB (a, b, ps)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose</para>
<para>Returns the result of the subtraction of the BCD values a
and b. Sets the sign of the nonnegative result to 0b1100 if
<emphasis>ps</emphasis> is 0. Otherwise, sets the sign of the
nonnegative result to 0b1111.</para>
<para>The sign of the result is determined as follows:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>If the result is a nonnegative value and
<emphasis>ps</emphasis> is 0, the sign is set to 0b1100
(0xC).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If the result is a nonnegative value and
<emphasis>L</emphasis> is 1, the sign is set to 0b1111
(0xF).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>If the result is a negative value, the sign is set to
0b1101 (0xD).</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Parameters:</para>
<para>The ps parameter selects the numeric format for the
positive-signed BCD numbers. It must be set to one of the values
defined in
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_32368" /></para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>vector unsigned char __builtin_bcdsub (vector unsigned
char, vector unsigned char, long);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry nameend="c2" namest="c1">
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">BCD Predicates</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__BUILTIN_BCDADD_OFL (a, b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Returns one if the corresponding BCD add operation results
in an overflow. Otherwise, returns zero.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>int __ builtin_bcdadd_ofl (vector unsigned char, vector
unsigned char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__BUILTIN_BCDSUB_OFL (a, b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Returns one if the corresponding BCD subtract operation
results in an overflow. Otherwise, returns zero.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>int __ builtin_bcdsub_ofl (vector unsigned char, vector
unsigned char
<emphasis>)</emphasis>;</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__ BUILTIN_BCD_INVALID (a)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Returns one if
<emphasis>a</emphasis> is an invalid encoding of a BCD value.
Otherwise, returns zero.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>int __ builtin_bcd_invalid (vector unsigned char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry nameend="c2" namest="c1">
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">BCD Comparison</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__ BUILTIN_BCDCMPEQ (a, b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Returns one if the BCD value
<emphasis>a</emphasis> is equal to
<emphasis>b</emphasis>. Otherwise, returns zero.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>int __ builtin_bcdcmpeq (vector unsigned char, vector
unsigned char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__ BUILTIN_BCDCMPGE (a, b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Returns one if the BCD value
<emphasis>a</emphasis> is greater than or equal to
<emphasis>b</emphasis>. Otherwise, returns zero.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>int __ builtin_bcdcmpge (vector unsigned char, vector
unsigned char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__BUILTIN_BCDCMPGT (a, b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Returns one if the BCD value
<emphasis>a</emphasis> is greater than
<emphasis>b</emphasis>. Otherwise, returns zero.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>int __ builtin_bcdcmpgt (vector unsigned char, vector
unsigned char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__BUILTIN_BCDCMPLE (a, b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Returns one if the BCD value
<emphasis>a</emphasis> is less than or equal to
<emphasis>b</emphasis>. Otherwise, returns zero.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>int __ builtin_bcdcmple (vector unsigned char, vector
unsigned char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__ BUILTIN_BCDCMPLT (a, b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Returns one if the BCD value
<emphasis>a</emphasis> is less than
<emphasis>b</emphasis>. Otherwise, returns zero.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>int __ builtin_bcdcmplt (vector unsigned char, vector
unsigned char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
<emphasis>BCD Load and Store</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__ BUILTIN_BCD2DFP (a)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Converts a signed BCD value stored as a vector of unsigned
characters to a 128-bit decimal floating-point format.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Parameter value a is a 128-bit vector that is treated
as a signed BCD 31-digit value.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>The return value is a doubleword floating-point pair in
a decimal 128 floating-point format.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>_Decimal128 __ builtin_bcd2dfp (vector unsigned
char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__ BUILTIN_BCDMUL10 (ARG1)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Multiplies the BCD number in ARG1 by 10. The sign indicator
remains unmodified.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>vector unsigned char __builtin_bcdmul10 (vector unsigned
char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__ BUILTIN_BCDDIV10 (ARG1)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Divides the BCD number in ARG1 by 10. The sign indicator
remains unmodified.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>vector unsigned char __builtin_bcddiv10 (vector unsigned
char);</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para> </para>
<section xml:id="dbdoclet.50655245_25759">
<title>BCD Header Functions</title>
<note>
<para>These functions are being phased in for POWER8, and might
not be available on all implementations. Phased-in functions are
optional for the current generation of compliant systems.</para>
</note>
<para>The bcd.h header file defines a BCD data type and the interfaces to
efficiently compute the BCD functions listed in
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_12427" />. These interfaces can be
implemented as macros or by another method, such as static inline
functions.
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_12427" /> shows one suggested
implementation using macros and the built-in operators shown in
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_77606" />. A sample bcd.h listing is shown
in
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_48437" />.</para>
<para>The bcd data type is defined as follows in the bcd.h:</para>
<para><literal>typedef bcd vector unsigned char;</literal></para>
<para>The header file also defines a bcd_default_format as follows:</para>
<para><literal>#ifndef bcd_default_format</literal></para>
<para><literal>#define bcd_default_format __BCD_SIGN_IBM</literal></para>
<para><literal>#endif</literal></para>
<para> </para>
<table frame="all" pgwide="1" xml:id="dbdoclet.50655245_12427">
<title>BCD Functions Defined by bcd.h</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="30*" />
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="80*" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry align="center">
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Macro
<footnote xml:id="tabb2fna"><para>Or static inline function.</para></footnote></emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Macro Definition</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_add(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd)__builtin_bcdadd (a,b, bcd_default_format)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_sub(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd)__builtin_bcdsub (a,b, bcd_default_format)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_add_ofl(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(_Bool)__builtin_bcdadd_ofl (a,b)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_sub_ofl(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(_Bool)__builtin_bcdsub_ofl (a,b)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_invalid(a)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(_Bool)__builtin_bcd_invalid (a)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_cmpeq(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmpeq (a,b)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_cmpge(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmpge (a,b)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_cmpgt(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmpgt (a,b)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_cmple(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmple (a,b)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_cmplt(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmplt (a,b)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_cmpne(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>!(_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmpeq (a,b)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_xl(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd)vec_xl_len_r(a,b)
<footnote xml:id="tabb2fnb"><para>Optionaly, __builtin_ldrmb (a,b) for previous
generations of XL compilers.</para></footnote>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_xst(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd)vec_xst_len_r(a,b)
<footnote xml:id="tabb2fnc"><para>Optionaly, __builti_strmb (a,b) for previous
generatoin f XL compilers.</para></footnote>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_quantize(d)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>__builtin_bcdquantize (d)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_dfp(a)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>__builtin_bcd2dfp (a)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_dfp2bcd(dfp)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd)__builtin_vec_DFP2BCD (_Decimal128 dfp)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_string2bcd(string)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd) __bcd_string2bcd (string, bcd_default_format)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_mul10(a)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd) __builtin_bcdmul10 (a)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_div10(a)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd) __builtin_bcddiv10 (a)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_mul(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd) __bcd_mul (a,b,bcd_default_format)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>bcd_div(a,b)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>(bcd) __bcd_div (a,b,bcd_default_format)</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para>In addition, the bcd.h file provides access to the library functions
shown in
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_92773" />. These functions may be provided
either as a static inline function by bcd.h or in a system library that is
linked with an application which uses such functions.</para>
<para> </para>
<table frame="all" pgwide="1" xml:id="dbdoclet.50655245_92773">
<title>BCD Support Functions</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="30*" align="center"/>
<colspec colname="c2" colwidth="80*" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Function Name</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
<entry align="center">
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Description of BCD Support Functions
(with Prototypes)</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__BCD_MUL (A,B,F)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>Two signed 31-digit values are multiplied, and the lower 31
digits of the product are returned. Overflow is ignored.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Parameter A is a 128-bit vector that is treated as a
signed BCD 31-digit value.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Parameter B is a 128-bit vector that is treated as a
signed BCD 31-digit value.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Parameter F specifies the format of the BCD number
result.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>This function returns a 128-bit vector that is the lower 31
digits of (a × b).</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>bcd __bcd_mul (bcd, bcd, long)</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__BCD_DIV (A,B,F)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>One signed 31-digit value is divided by a second 31-digit
value. The quotient is returned.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Parameter A is a 128-bit vector that is treated as a
signed BCD 31-digit value.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Parameter B is a 128-bit vector that is treated as a
signed BCD 31-digit value.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Parameter F specifies the format of the BCD number
result.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>This function returns a 128-bit vector that is the lower 31
digits of (a / b).</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>bcd __builtin_bcddiv (bcd, bcd, long);</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>__BCD_STRING2BCD(S,F)</para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>Purpose:</para>
<para>The received ASCII string is converted to a BCD number and
returned as a BCD type.</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>Parameter S is the string to be converted.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Parameter F specifies the format of the BCD number
result.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>This function returns a 128-bit vector that consists of 31
BCD digits and a sign.</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para> </para>
</entry>
<entry>
<para>bcd __bcd_string2bcd (char *, long);</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
<para> </para>
<section xml:id="dbdoclet.50655245_32368">
<title>BCD API Named Constants</title>
<para>The BCD header file, bcd.h, defines named constants.
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_46767" /> defines constants for use in
conjunction with the BCD format representation. They can be used for
format specification and to set the bcd_default_format.</para>
<para> </para>
<table frame="all" pgwide="1" xml:id="dbdoclet.50655245_46767">
<title>Constants Used with BCD_FORMAT</title>
<tgroup cols="1">
<colspec colname="c1" colwidth="100*" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry>
<para>
<emphasis role="bold">Constants</emphasis>
</para>
</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>
<para>#define BCD_FORMAT_IBM 0</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>#define BCD_FORMAT_Z 0</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>#define BCD_FORMAT_POWER 0</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>#define BCD_FORMAT_IBMi 1</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>#define BCD_FORMAT_I 1</para>
</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>
<para>#define BCD_FORMAT_NCR 1</para>
</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
<section xml:id="dbdoclet.50655245_48437">
<title>Exemplary Implementation for bcd.h</title>
<para>
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_52184" /> shows an exemplary
implementation of the bcd.h with the interfaces shown in
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_12427" />, using the macros and the
built-in operators shown in
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_77606" />, and the functions shown in
<xref linkend="dbdoclet.50655245_92773" />.</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="dbdoclet.50655245_52184">
<title>Sample bcd.h Listing</title>
<programlisting>
#ifndef __BCD_H
#define __BCD_H
typedef bcd vector unsigned char;
#define BCD_FORMAT_IBM 0
#define BCD_FORMAT_Z 0
#define BCD_FORMAT_POWER 0
#define BCD_FORMAT_IBMi 1
#define BCD_FORMAT_I 1
#define BCD_FORMAT_NCR 1
#ifndef bcd_default_format
#define bcd_default_format __BCD_SIGN_IBM
#endif
#define bcd_add(a,b) ((bcd)__builtin_bcdadd (a,b,bcd_default_format))
#define bcd_sub(A,b) ((bcd)__builtin_bcdsub (a,b,bcd_default_format))
#define bcd_add_ofl(a,b) ((_Bool)__builtin_bcdadd_ofl (a,b))
#define bcd_add_ofl(a,b) ((_Bool)__builtin_bcdsub_ofl (a,b))
#define bcd_invalid(a) ((_Bool)__builtin_bcd_invalid (a))
#define bcd_cmpeq(a,b) ((_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmpeq (a,b))
#define bcd_cmpge(a,b) ((_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmpge (a,b))
#define bcd_cmpgt(a,b) ((_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmpgt (a,b))
#define bcd_cmple(a,b) ((_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmple (a,b))
#define bcd_cmplt(a,b) ((_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmplt (a,b))
#define bcd_cmpne(a,b) (!(_Bool)__builtin_bcdcmpeq (a,b))
#define bcd_xl(a,b) ((bcd)vec_xl_len_r(a,b))
#define bcd_xst(a,b) ((bcd)vec_xst_len_r(a,b))
#define bcd_quantize(d) (__builtin_bcdquantize(d))
#define bcd_dfp(a) (__builtin_bcd2dfp (a))
#define bcd_dfp2bcd(DFP) ((bcd)__builtin_vec_DFP2BCD (_Decimal128 dfp))
#define bcd_string2bcd(string) ((bcd) __bcd_string2bcd (string, bcd_default_format)
#define bcd_mul10(a) ((bcd) __builtin_bcdmul10 (a))
#define bcd_div10(a) ((bcd) __builtin_bcddiv10 (a))
#define bcd_mul(a,b) ((bcd) __bcd_mul (a,b,bcd_default_format))
#define bcd_div(a,b) ((bcd) __bcd_div (a,b,bcd_default_format))
#endif /* __BCD_H */
</programlisting>
</section>
</section>
</appendix>