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<section version="5.0" xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xml:id="section_template_debug">

        <title xml:id="section_template_debug_title">Debugging build failures</title>
          <para>Maven/docbkx failures generally fall into these categories:</para>
          <itemizedlist>
            <listitem><para><xref linkend="section_template_debug_structure_error" endterm="section_template_debug_structure_error_title"/></para></listitem>
            <listitem><para><xref linkend="section_template_debug_docbook_validation_error" endterm="section_template_debug_docbook_validation_error_title"/></para></listitem>
            <listitem><para><xref linkend="section_template_debug_build_failure" endterm="section_template_debug_build_failure_title"/></para></listitem>
            <listitem><para><xref linkend="section_template_debug_fo_validation_error" endterm="section_template_debug_fo_validation_error_title"/></para></listitem>
          </itemizedlist>  
          <para>Correcting the document errors starts with understanding which type of failure has occurred and 
          understanding where to look in your document source.</para>
          
    <section xml:id="section_template_debug_structure_error">
      <title xml:id="section_template_debug_structure_error_title">Project structure errors</title>
      
      <para>Because the OpenPOWER Foundation documentation projects are not self-contained in the 
      GitHub repositories, forgetting to clone the <literal>Docs-Master</literal> project in addition
      to the document project or cloning it in the wrong location is a common problem.  Failures of this kind
      produce the following error:</para>
<screen>...
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[ERROR] The build could not read 1 project -> [Help 1]
[ERROR]   
[ERROR]   The project org.openpowerfoundation.docs:workgroup-pom:1.0.0-SNAPSHOT (/home/scheel/Docs-Template/pom.xml) has 1 error
[ERROR]     Non-resolvable parent POM: Could not find artifact org.openpowerfoundation.docs:master-pom:pom:1.0.0-SNAPSHOT and 'parent.relativePath' points at wrong local POM @ line 6, column 11 -> [Help 2]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/ProjectBuildingException
[ERROR] [Help 2] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/UnresolvableModelException
...</screen>
      <para>The identifying characteristic of this error type is the message, "Non-resolvable parent POM".  This occurs because the
      <literal>pom.xml</literal> file in the documentation project, called the "workgroup-pom" because of a project
      <literal>&lt;artifactId>workgroup-pom&lt;/artifactId></literal> declaration, expects its parent pom file to be in the
      location defined by the <literal>&lt;relativePath>../Docs-Master/pom.xml&lt;/relativePath></literal>, up one directory and
      then in the <literal>Docs-Master</literal> director.  
      </para>
      
      <para>So, if you see the message "Non-resolvable parent POM", ensure that the <literal>Docs-Master</literal> project 
      and your project have been cloned
      into the same parent directory.  See <xref linkend="section_cloning_master_doc"/> for detailed directions on how to do this.</para>
      
    </section>

    <section xml:id="section_template_debug_docbook_validation_error">
      <title xml:id="section_template_debug_docbook_validation_error_title">Docbook validation errors</title>
                
          <para>Validation errors are generally indicated in the build output with text like the following:
<screen>...
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
!!!VALIDATION ERRORS!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Note: Open the temporary file:

file:/home/user1/Docs-Template/doc_dev_guide/target//bk_main.xml-invalid.xml

to see all the errors in context. 
You must correct the errors in the original 
source DocBook or wadl files however.

You can control whether build fails or not by 
setting failOnValidationError to no in your pom. 

lineNumber:  272; columnNumber: 70; text not allowed here; expected element "address", ...</screen></para>
          <para>This error message contains three key pieces of information:</para>
            <orderedlist>
	      <listitem>
                <para>The full path and filename that contains the context for the failure.  In the message above, this is 
<literal>/home/user1/Docs-Template/doc_dev_guide/target//bk_main.xml-invalid.xml</literal>.</para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>The location within the file of the syntax error.  For the above example, the key information is "<literal>lineNumber:  272; columnNumber: 70</literal>.</para>
                <note><para>In some XML validation failure scenarios, the <literal>lineNumber</literal> or
                <literal>colNumber</literal> values are not specified or are <literal>-1</literal>.  If you encounter such a situation,
                please post to the Documentation Development mailing list at <email>syssw-doc_devel_guide@mailinglist.openpowerfoundation.org</email> 
                so they can assist in identifying the exact location of the failure.</para></note>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>An explanation of the failure.  This information in the above error reads, "text not allowed here; expected element "address", ...".</para>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist>
            
    </section>

    <section xml:id="section_template_debug_build_failure">
      <title xml:id="section_template_debug_build_failure_title">Build failures</title>
            
          <para>Build errors are easily identified as well.  Below is the most common example:
<screen>...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.827s
[INFO] Finished at: Wed Jul 29 14:55:33 CDT 2015
[INFO] Final Memory: 17M/171M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.openpowerfoundation.docs:openpowerdocs-maven-plugin:1.0.0:generate-webhelp (generate-webhelp) on project openpower-template-guide: Execution generate-webhelp of goal org.openpowerfoundation.docs:openpowerdocs-maven-plugin:1.0.0:generate-webhelp failed: XInclude resource error (sec_template_new_document.xml) and no fallback provided. XProc error err:XD0011: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; systemId: file:/home/user1/openpower-foundation-docbkx-framework/doc/doc_dev_guide/sec_template_new_document.xml; lineNumber: 55; columnNumber: 17; The element type "para" must be terminated by the matching end-tag "&lt;/para&gt;". -> [Help 1]
...</screen></para>

          <para>Like validation errors, three key pieces of information are again provided:</para>
            <orderedlist>
	      <listitem>
                <para>The full path and filename of our failure is 
<literal>/home/user1/Docs-Template/doc_dev_guide/sec_template_new_document.xml</literal>.</para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>The location within the file of the error is "<literal>lineNumber: 55; columnNumber: 17</literal>.</para>
              </listitem>
              <listitem>
                <para>An explanation of the failure begins with the text, "The element type "para" must be terminated by the 
                matching end-tag "&lt;/para&gt;."</para>
              </listitem>
            </orderedlist>

          <para>With these details in hand for either error, one simply locates the offending syntax and makes the appropriate 
          correction.  Online resources such as those listed in <xref linkend="section_template_references"/> may be helpful.</para>
          
          <para>When creating new documentation projects, you may encounter the following error during
          your first build:<screen>...
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.openpowerfoundation.docs:openpowerdocs-maven-plugin:1.0.5:generate-webhelp (generate-webhelp) on project openpower-vector-programming-guide: Execution generate-webhelp of goal org.openpowerfoundation.docs:openpowerdocs-maven-plugin:1.0.5:generate-webhelp failed: One of setGitDir or setWorkTree must be called. -> [Help 1]
...</screen></para>

          <para>This error results from interactions of the maven build process and git.  It may be
          circumvented by issuing the <userinput>git init</userinput> command in your directory.</para>
    </section>

    <section xml:id="section_template_debug_fo_validation_error">
      <title xml:id="section_template_debug_fo_validation_error_title">FO validation failures</title>
            
          <para>FO (formatting objects) validation failures are a slight bit more difficult to identify and require more effort to correct.  A sample appears as follows:
<screen>...
Error 
  SXCH0003: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException:
  "{http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format}block" is not a valid child of "fo:list-block"!
  (See position 70:-1): null:70:-1: "{http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format}block" is not 
  a valid   child of "fo:list-block"! (See position 70:-1)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 35.900s
[INFO] Finished at: Sat Mar 19 15:54:34 CDT 2016
[INFO] Final Memory: 107M/256M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.openpowerfoundation.docs:openpowerdocs-maven-plugin:1.0.3:generate-webhelp (generate-webhelp) on project hwarch-caia-spec: Failed to transform to PDF: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: "{http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format}block" is not a valid child of "fo:list-block"! (See position 70:-1): null:70:-1: "{http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format}block" is not a valid child of "fo:list-block"! (See position 70:-1) -> [Help 1]
...</screen></para>

          <para>The "<literal>org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException</literal>" text indicates that this error was during FO validation.  The key pieces of information are as follows:</para>

          <orderedlist>
            <listitem>
              <para>The error type is indicated in the text following the exception indictor.  In our case, the error statement is:
              <literal>"{http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format}block" is not a valid child of "fo:list-block"!</literal>. This error clearly
              has something to do with the nesting of a "fo:block" statement in a "fo:list-block" statement.</para>
            </listitem>
  	      <listitem>
              <para>The location of the validation error is given in the statement 
              "<literal>See position 70:-1</literal>". These two values are the line number and character number of the error.  So, our sample 
              error occurs on line 70, but the character number
              of <literal>-1</literal> is an indication that the line is too long to effectively point.</para>
            </listitem>
          </orderedlist>

          <para>What this information fails to detail is which file has the problem. To find the particular offending file, one must understand 
          the Docbook build process. This process begins by collecting all XML into a working copy of the main book file. The build failure error 
          in <xref linkend="section_template_debug_docbook_validation_error"/> includes a reference to this file which will be found in the 
          <literal>.../target/</literal> directory. It generally has the same name as the main book file of the document, which if copied 
          from the <citetitle>Documentation Development Guide</citetitle> project, will be <literal>bk_main.xml</literal>. When in doubt about
          this file name, you will find it in the <literal>&lt;includes></literal> tag in the <literal>pom.xml</literal> file.</para>
          
          <para>Once all information has been pulled into the working XML file, the XML statements are transformed into FO statements 
          in preparation for building the PDF.  This step generates a <literal>.fo</literal>
          file which can be found in the <literal>.../target/docbkx/autopdf/</literal> directory and typically has the same base file name as 
          the target PDF file.  Again, the <literal>pom.xml</literal> file will clarify this name with the <literal>&lt;pdfFilenameBase></literal>
          variable.</para>  
          
          <para>If one locates and opens the .fo file, it becomes obvious that it was intended as a working file and is not readily readable.  Therefore, the first
          step to understanding this error is to make the FO file more readable.
          The <literal>xmllint</literal> tool can be used to create a more readable FO file.  Assuming you have been
          working in the document directory, the follow steps can be used to produce a more readable XML file:
          <screen><prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>cd target/docbkx/autopdf</userinput>
<prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>xmllint --nonet --noent --nowarning --version --timing --format -o outfile infile</userinput>
xmllint: using libxml version 20901
   compiled with: Threads Tree Output Push Reader Patterns Writer SAXv1 FTP HTTP DTDValid HTML Legacy C14N Catalog XPath XPointer XInclude Iconv ISO8859X Unicode Regexps Automata Expr Schemas Schematron Modules Debug Zlib Lzma 
Parsing took 63 ms
Saving took 39 ms
Freeing took 9 ms
<prompt>$</prompt></screen></para>

          <para>For your invocation of <literal>xmllint</literal>, substitute <literal>infile</literal> with the name of the Maven-generated 
          .fo file for your new project and pick a new <literal>outfile</literal> for the new .fo file.</para>

          <note><para>The <literal>xmllint</literal> utility may need to be loaded on your system.  On an Ubuntu Linux system, 
          this utility is provided in the <literal>libxml2-utils</literal> package. To locate the proper package for your system, 
          you may need to reference Google.</para></note>

          <para>Now, with a nicely formatted FO file, we can re-invoke the FO Processor (FOP) directly and achieve a more readable error.  To do this, invoke 
          <literal>fop</literal> as follows:<screen><prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>fop -fo fofile and -pdf pdffile</userinput>
Rendered page #1.
Rendered page #2.
Rendered page #3.
Rendered page #4.
Rendered page #5.
Rendered page #6.
Rendered page #7.
Exception
javax.xml.transform.TransformerException: org.apache.fop.fo.ValidationException: "fo:block" is not a valid child of "fo:list-block"! (See position 7830:112)
<prompt>$</prompt></screen></para>

          <para>As expected, the FOP again reports an exception.  However, this time the position information appears more complete.  With this new information
          and a nicely formatted .fo file, one can find the format statements in error, find the context for the error, and then locate the correct source
          DocBook (XML) file.  With this information, one can inspect the document source to decide if the error is bad DocBook syntax or a tooling bug. If the latter,
          please save the newly formatted .fo file and include it in the bug writeup.</para>
          
          <note><para>This error generally indicates a problem with documentation tooling.  If you encounter such a situation,
          please post to the Documentation Development mailing list at <email>syssw-doc_devel_guide@mailinglist.openpowerfoundation.org</email> 
          so they can assist in identifying the exact cause of the failure.</para>
          <para>If you wish to fully understanding the error, you may require knowing more about XSL FO syntax.  Many such web sites exist for this, but
          the <citetitle>XSL Formatting Objects Summary</citetitle> from W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) provides a good starting reference online at
          <link xlink:href="https://www.w3.org/2002/08/XSLFOsummary.html">https://www.w3.org/2002/08/XSLFOsummary.html</link>.</para></note>

    </section>
    
    <section xml:id="section_template_debug_java_awt_error">
      <title xml:id="section_template_debug_java_awt_error_title">Java AWT exception</title>
      
      <para>Use of Maven in headless environments from Mac OS has uncovered an intermittent exception in the AWT libraries.
      This error looks like the following:<screen>...
---------------------------------------------------
Exception in thread "main" java.awt.AWTError: Can't connect to X11 window server using 'localhost:11.0' as the value of the DISPLAY variable.
	at sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment.initDisplay(Native Method)
	at sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment.access$200(X11GraphicsEnvironment.java:65)
	at sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment$1.run(X11GraphicsEnvironment.java:115)
	at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
	at sun.awt.X11GraphicsEnvironment.&lt;clinit&gt;(X11GraphicsEnvironment.java:74)
	at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
	at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:264)
	at java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment.createGE(GraphicsEnvironment.java:103)
	at java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment(GraphicsEnvironment.java:82)
	at sun.awt.X11.XToolkit.&lt;clinit&gt;(XToolkit.java:126)
...</screen></para>

      <para>The circumvention for this error, is force AWT to run headless.  This can be accomplished by adding the 
      <literal>-Djava.awt.headless=true</literal> parameter to the maven invocation such that it looks like this:
      <screen><prompt>$ </prompt><userinput>mvn clean generate-sources -Djava.awt.headless=true</userinput></screen></para>
    </section>

</section>
 
