core: Add a short multiplier

This adds an optional 16 bit x 16 bit signed multiplier and uses it
for multiply instructions that return the low 64 bits of the product
(mull[dw][o] and mulli, but not maddld) when the operands are both in
the range -2^15 .. 2^15 - 1.   The "short" 16-bit multiplier produces
its result combinatorially, so a multiply that uses it executes in one
cycle.  This improves the coremark result by about 4%, since coremark
does quite a lot of multiplies and they almost all have operands that
fit into 16 bits.

The presence of the short multiplier is controlled by a generic at the
execute1, SOC, core and top levels.  For now, it defaults to off for
all platforms, and can be enabled using the --has_short_mult flag to
fusesoc.

Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@ozlabs.org>

core.vhdl

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ entity core is
         EX1_BYPASS : boolean := true;
         HAS_FPU : boolean := true;
         HAS_BTC : boolean := true;
+        HAS_SHORT_MULT : boolean := false;
 	ALT_RESET_ADDRESS : std_ulogic_vector(63 downto 0) := (others => '0');
         LOG_LENGTH : natural := 512;
         ICACHE_NUM_LINES : natural := 64;
@@ -340,6 +341,7 @@ begin
         generic map (
             EX1_BYPASS => EX1_BYPASS,
             HAS_FPU => HAS_FPU,
+            HAS_SHORT_MULT => HAS_SHORT_MULT,
             LOG_LENGTH => LOG_LENGTH
             )
         port map (

execute1.vhdl

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ entity execute1 is
     generic (
         EX1_BYPASS : boolean := true;
         HAS_FPU : boolean := true;
+        HAS_SHORT_MULT : boolean := false;
         -- Non-zero to enable log data collection
         LOG_LENGTH : natural := 0
         );
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ architecture behaviour of execute1 is
     signal a_in, b_in, c_in : std_ulogic_vector(63 downto 0);
     signal cr_in : std_ulogic_vector(31 downto 0);
     signal xerc_in : xer_common_t;
+    signal mshort_p : std_ulogic_vector(31 downto 0) := (others => '0');
 
     signal valid_in : std_ulogic;
     signal ctrl: ctrl_t := (others => (others => '0'));
@@ -230,6 +232,24 @@ architecture behaviour of execute1 is
 	return msr_out;
     end;
 
+    -- Work out whether a signed value fits into n bits,
+    -- that is, see if it is in the range -2^(n-1) .. 2^(n-1) - 1
+    function fits_in_n_bits(val: std_ulogic_vector; n: integer) return boolean is
+        variable x, xp1: std_ulogic_vector(val'left downto val'right);
+    begin
+        x := val;
+        if val(val'left) = '0' then
+            x := not val;
+        end if;
+        xp1 := bit_reverse(std_ulogic_vector(unsigned(bit_reverse(x)) + 1));
+        x := x and not xp1;
+        -- For positive inputs, x has ones at the positions
+        -- to the left of the leftmost 1 bit in val.
+        -- For negative inputs, x has ones to the left of
+        -- the leftmost 0 bit in val.
+        return x(n - 1) = '1';
+    end;
+
     -- Tell vivado to keep the hierarchy for the random module so that the
     -- net names in the xdc file match.
     attribute keep_hierarchy : string;
@@ -304,6 +324,17 @@ begin
             p_out => pmu_to_x
             );
 
+    short_mult_0: if HAS_SHORT_MULT generate
+    begin
+        short_mult: entity work.short_multiply
+        port map (
+            clk => clk,
+            a_in => a_in(15 downto 0),
+            b_in => b_in(15 downto 0),
+            m_out => mshort_p
+            );
+    end generate;
+
     dbg_msr_out <= ctrl.msr;
     log_rd_addr <= r.log_addr_spr;
 
@@ -509,7 +540,11 @@ begin
 
         case current.sub_select(1 downto 0) is
             when "00" =>
-                muldiv_result <= multiply_to_x.result(63 downto 0);
+                if HAS_SHORT_MULT and r.mul_in_progress = '0' then
+                    muldiv_result <= std_ulogic_vector(resize(signed(mshort_p), 64));
+                else
+                    muldiv_result <= multiply_to_x.result(63 downto 0);
+                end if;
             when "01" =>
                 muldiv_result <= multiply_to_x.result(127 downto 64);
             when "10" =>
@@ -1121,10 +1156,20 @@ begin
 		icache_inval <= '1';
 
 	    when OP_MUL_L64 | OP_MUL_H64 | OP_MUL_H32 =>
-		v.e.valid := '0';
-		v.mul_in_progress := '1';
-		v.busy := '1';
-		x_to_multiply.valid <= '1';
+                if HAS_SHORT_MULT and e_in.insn_type = OP_MUL_L64 and e_in.insn(26) = '1' and
+                    fits_in_n_bits(a_in, 16) and fits_in_n_bits(b_in, 16) then
+                    -- Operands fit into 16 bits, so use short multiplier
+                    if e_in.oe = '1' then
+                        -- Note 16x16 multiply can't overflow, even for mullwo
+                        set_ov(v.e, '0', '0');
+                    end if;
+                else
+                    -- Use standard multiplier
+                    v.e.valid := '0';
+                    v.mul_in_progress := '1';
+                    v.busy := '1';
+                    x_to_multiply.valid <= '1';
+                end if;
 
 	    when OP_DIV | OP_DIVE | OP_MOD =>
 		v.e.valid := '0';

fpga/top-arty.vhdl

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ entity toplevel is
         CLK_FREQUENCY      : positive := 100000000;
         HAS_FPU            : boolean  := true;
         HAS_BTC            : boolean  := true;
+        HAS_SHORT_MULT     : boolean  := false;
         USE_LITEDRAM       : boolean  := false;
         NO_BRAM            : boolean  := false;
         DISABLE_FLATTEN_CORE : boolean := false;
@@ -194,6 +195,7 @@ begin
             CLK_FREQ           => CLK_FREQUENCY,
             HAS_FPU            => HAS_FPU,
             HAS_BTC            => HAS_BTC,
+            HAS_SHORT_MULT     => HAS_SHORT_MULT,
             HAS_DRAM           => USE_LITEDRAM,
             DRAM_SIZE          => 256 * 1024 * 1024,
             DRAM_INIT_SIZE     => PAYLOAD_SIZE,

fpga/top-generic.vhdl

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ entity toplevel is
 	CLK_FREQUENCY : positive := 100000000;
         HAS_FPU       : boolean  := true;
         HAS_BTC       : boolean  := false;
+        HAS_SHORT_MULT: boolean  := false;
         ICACHE_NUM_LINES : natural := 64;
         LOG_LENGTH    : natural := 512;
 	DISABLE_FLATTEN_CORE : boolean := false;
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ begin
 	    CLK_FREQ      => CLK_FREQUENCY,
             HAS_FPU       => HAS_FPU,
             HAS_BTC       => HAS_BTC,
+            HAS_SHORT_MULT => HAS_SHORT_MULT,
 	    ICACHE_NUM_LINES => ICACHE_NUM_LINES,
             LOG_LENGTH    => LOG_LENGTH,
 	    DISABLE_FLATTEN_CORE => DISABLE_FLATTEN_CORE,

fpga/top-nexys-video.vhdl

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ entity toplevel is
 	CLK_FREQUENCY : positive := 100000000;
         HAS_FPU       : boolean  := true;
         HAS_BTC       : boolean  := true;
+        HAS_SHORT_MULT: boolean  := false;
 	USE_LITEDRAM  : boolean  := false;
 	NO_BRAM       : boolean  := false;
 	DISABLE_FLATTEN_CORE : boolean := false;
@@ -170,6 +171,7 @@ begin
 	    CLK_FREQ      => CLK_FREQUENCY,
             HAS_FPU       => HAS_FPU,
             HAS_BTC       => HAS_BTC,
+            HAS_SHORT_MULT=> HAS_SHORT_MULT,
 	    HAS_DRAM      => USE_LITEDRAM,
 	    DRAM_SIZE     => 512 * 1024 * 1024,
             DRAM_INIT_SIZE => PAYLOAD_SIZE,

microwatt.core

@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ targets:
       - uart_is_16550
       - has_fpu
       - has_btc
+      - has_short_mult
     tools:
       vivado: {part : xc7a100tcsg324-1}
     toplevel : toplevel
@@ -243,6 +244,7 @@ targets:
       - uart_is_16550
       - has_fpu
       - has_btc
+      - has_short_mult
     generate: [litedram_nexys_video, liteeth_nexys_video, litesdcard_nexys_video]
     tools:
       vivado: {part : xc7a200tsbg484-1}
@@ -263,6 +265,7 @@ targets:
       - has_uart1
       - has_fpu=false
       - has_btc=false
+      - has_short_mult
       - use_litesdcard
     tools:
       vivado: {part : xc7a35ticsg324-1L}
@@ -285,6 +288,7 @@ targets:
       - has_uart1
       - has_fpu=false
       - has_btc=false
+      - has_short_mult
     generate: [litedram_arty, liteeth_arty, litesdcard_arty]
     tools:
       vivado: {part : xc7a35ticsg324-1L}
@@ -305,6 +309,7 @@ targets:
       - has_uart1
       - has_fpu
       - has_btc
+      - has_short_mult
       - use_litesdcard
     tools:
       vivado: {part : xc7a100ticsg324-1L}
@@ -327,6 +332,7 @@ targets:
       - has_uart1
       - has_fpu
       - has_btc
+      - has_short_mult
     generate: [litedram_arty, liteeth_arty, litesdcard_arty]
     tools:
       vivado: {part : xc7a100ticsg324-1L}
@@ -430,6 +436,12 @@ parameters:
     paramtype   : generic
     default     : true
 
+  has_short_mult:
+    datatype    : bool
+    description : Include a 16 bit x 16 bit single-cycle multiplier in the core
+    paramtype   : generic
+    default     : false
+
   disable_flatten_core:
     datatype    : bool
     description : Prevent Vivado from flattening the main core components

multiply.vhdl

@@ -86,3 +86,22 @@ begin
         rin <= v;
     end process;
 end architecture behaviour;
+
+library ieee;
+use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
+use ieee.numeric_std.all;
+
+entity short_multiply is
+    port (
+        clk   : in std_ulogic;
+
+        a_in  : in std_ulogic_vector(15 downto 0);
+        b_in  : in std_ulogic_vector(15 downto 0);
+        m_out : out std_ulogic_vector(31 downto 0)
+        );
+end entity short_multiply;
+
+architecture behaviour of short_multiply is
+begin
+    m_out <= std_ulogic_vector(signed(a_in) * signed(b_in));
+end architecture behaviour;

soc.vhdl

@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ entity soc is
 	SIM                : boolean;
         HAS_FPU            : boolean := true;
         HAS_BTC            : boolean := true;
+        HAS_SHORT_MULT     : boolean := false;
 	DISABLE_FLATTEN_CORE : boolean := false;
 	HAS_DRAM           : boolean  := false;
 	DRAM_SIZE          : integer := 0;
@@ -325,6 +326,7 @@ begin
 	    SIM => SIM,
             HAS_FPU => HAS_FPU,
             HAS_BTC => HAS_BTC,
+            HAS_SHORT_MULT => HAS_SHORT_MULT,
 	    DISABLE_FLATTEN => DISABLE_FLATTEN_CORE,
 	    ALT_RESET_ADDRESS => (23 downto 0 => '0', others => '1'),
             LOG_LENGTH => LOG_LENGTH,

xilinx-mult.vhdl

@@ -992,3 +992,84 @@ begin
     end process;
 
 end architecture behaviour;
+
+library ieee;
+use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
+use ieee.numeric_std.all;
+
+library unisim;
+use unisim.vcomponents.all;
+
+entity short_multiply is
+    port (
+        clk   : in std_logic;
+
+        a_in  : in std_ulogic_vector(15 downto 0);
+        b_in  : in std_ulogic_vector(15 downto 0);
+        m_out : out std_ulogic_vector(31 downto 0)
+        );
+end entity short_multiply;
+
+architecture behaviour of short_multiply is
+    signal mshort_p : std_ulogic_vector(47 downto 0);
+begin
+    mshort: DSP48E1
+        generic map (
+            ACASCREG => 0,
+            ALUMODEREG => 0,
+            AREG => 0,
+            BCASCREG => 0,
+            BREG => 0,
+            CARRYINREG => 0,
+            CARRYINSELREG => 0,
+            CREG => 0,
+            INMODEREG => 0,
+            MREG => 0,
+            OPMODEREG => 0,
+            PREG => 0
+            )
+        port map (
+            A => std_ulogic_vector(resize(signed(a_in(15 downto 0)), 30)),
+            ACIN => (others => '0'),
+            ALUMODE => "0000",
+            B => std_ulogic_vector(resize(signed(b_in(15 downto 0)), 18)),
+            BCIN => (others => '0'),
+            C => 48x"0",
+            CARRYCASCIN => '0',
+            CARRYIN => '0',
+            CARRYINSEL => "000",
+            CEA1 => '0',
+            CEA2 => '0',
+            CEAD => '0',
+            CEALUMODE => '0',
+            CEB1 => '0',
+            CEB2 => '0',
+            CEC => '0',
+            CECARRYIN => '0',
+            CECTRL => '0',
+            CED => '0',
+            CEINMODE => '0',
+            CEM => '0',
+            CEP => '0',
+            CLK => clk,
+            D => (others => '0'),
+            INMODE => "00000",
+            MULTSIGNIN => '0',
+            OPMODE => "0110101",
+            P => mshort_p,
+            PCIN => (others => '0'),
+            RSTA => '0',
+            RSTALLCARRYIN => '0',
+            RSTALUMODE => '0',
+            RSTB => '0',
+            RSTC => '0',
+            RSTCTRL => '0',
+            RSTD => '0',
+            RSTINMODE => '0',
+            RSTM => '0',
+            RSTP => '0'
+            );
+
+    m_out <= mshort_p(31 downto 0);
+
+end architecture behaviour;